常見限制性內(nèi)切酶識(shí)別序列(酶切位點(diǎn))(BamHI、EcoRI、HindIII、NdeI、XhoI等)
在分子克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)中,限制性內(nèi)切酶是必不可少的工具酶。
無論是構(gòu)建克隆載體還是表達(dá)載體,要根據(jù)載體選擇合適的內(nèi)切酶(當(dāng)然,使用T載就不必考慮了)。先將引物設(shè)計(jì)好,然后添加酶切識(shí)別序列到引物5' 端。常用的內(nèi)切酶比如BamHI、EcoRI、HindIII、NdeI、XhoI等可能你都已經(jīng)記住了它們的識(shí)別序列,不過為了保險(xiǎn)起見,還是得查證一下。
下面是一些常用的II型內(nèi)切酶的識(shí)別序列,僅供參考。遠(yuǎn)慕先介紹一下什么是II型內(nèi)切酶吧。
The Type II restriction systems typically contain individual restriction enzymes and modification enzymes encoded by separate genes. The Type II restriction enzymes typically recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave at constant positions at or close to that sequence to produce 5-phosphates and 3-hydroxyls. Usually they require Mg 2+ ions as a cofactor, although some have more exotic requirements. The methyltransferases usually recognize the same sequence although some are more promiscuous. Three types of DNA methyltransferases have been found as part of Type II R-M systems forming either C5-methylcytosine, N4-methylcytosine or N6-methyladenine.
酶類型識(shí)別序列ApaIType II restriction enzyme5'GGGCC^C 3'BamHIType II restriction enzyme5' G^GATCC 3'BglIIType II restriction enzyme5' A^GATCT 3'EcoRIType II restriction enzyme5' G^AATTC 3'HindIIIType II restriction enzyme5' A^AGCTT 3'KpnIType II restriction enzyme5' GGTAC^C 3'NcoIType II restriction enzyme5' C^CATGG 3'NdeIType II restriction enzyme5' CA^TATG 3'NheIType II restriction enzyme5' G^CTAGC 3'NotIType II restriction enzyme5' GC^GGCCGC 3'SacIType II restriction enzyme5' GAGCT^C 3'SalIType II restriction enzyme5' G^TCGAC 3'SphIType II restriction enzyme5' GCATG^C 3'XbaIType II restriction enzyme5' T^CTAGA 3'XhoIType II restriction enzyme5' C^TCGAG 3'
要查找更多內(nèi)切酶的識(shí)別序列,你還可以選擇下面幾種方法:
1. 查你所使用的內(nèi)切酶的公司的目錄或者網(wǎng)站;
2. 用軟件如:Primer Premier5.0或Bioedit等,這些軟件均提供了內(nèi)切酶識(shí)別序列的信息;
3. 推薦到NEB的REBASE數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)去查
當(dāng)你設(shè)計(jì)好引物,添加上了內(nèi)切酶識(shí)別序列,下一步或許是添加保護(hù)堿基了,可以參考:
雙酶切buffer的選擇(MBI、羅氏、NEB、Promega、Takara)
遠(yuǎn)慕再給大家推薦一種新的不需要連接反應(yīng)的分子克隆方法,優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括:
①設(shè)計(jì)引物不必考慮選擇什么酶切位點(diǎn) ;
②不必考慮保護(hù)堿基的問題;
③不必每次都選擇合適的酶來酶切質(zhì)粒制備載體;
④而且不需要DNA連接酶;
⑤假陽(yáng)性幾率低(因?yàn)闆]有連接反應(yīng)這一步,載體自連的問題沒有了)。
另外,還有一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題:如果一次性制備一批載體(小提一次質(zhì)粒約80μL),并將之線性化(可雙酶切亦可單酶切),然后每次做分子克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)用一點(diǎn),大約可以做約40次轉(zhuǎn)化,用一年沒問題!